middle class, labor and political decentralization, administrative and economic
the key points of the political program of the Italian People's Party of Louis Sturzo
In an article published in February 1933 on Res Public 'concerns and guidelines "Sturzo referred to three main factors of concern: unemployment workers, the prevalence of extreme tendencies, the weakness of governments.
These concerns stemmed from the data of the time he saw a worrying increase in unemployment was widespread and exacerbated by the global crisis of 1929 (according to data from the League of Nations unemployment in industrialized countries in 1932 exceeded 25 million units, a figure which must be added the millions of rural workers and peasants who, if not unemployed, they were only partially occupied almost everywhere); data that are not much different today in the face of an economic crisis that is very similar to that of '29, because, in a report by the International Labour Organization on "Global Employment Trends" presented in 2008 in Geneva, it is noted that: " By the end of the unemployed in the world could be nearly 200 million, 18 more than 180 million in 2007 (+10%). But because of the economic crisis, with no additional work in the world could even reach 51 million units more than three years ago. " Only for those of industrialized European Union unemployment has increased since 2007 from 5.7% to 6.4% with the number of unemployed grew 3.5 million units, reaching 32.3 million share of the unemployed. The highest rates of unemployment are still in North Africa (10.3%) and Middle East (9.4%), are always the lowest in the Far East (3.8%). "
The situation was further aggravated if we think we are faced with a rapid succession of currency crises, debt distress of countries in the developing world, the radicalization of global economic imbalances and unemployment growing in the world, the continued destruction of the middle class , the widening gap between rich and poor and a widening of a more economistic and materialistic conception of development, not to mention the widening array of job insecurity that leads to insecurity for the future of young people.
a situation that makes me seriously doubt repeat what he said in Sturzo concerns and guidelines "The no immediate prospect of work and almost no hope of a future recovery, oppresses the hearts of millions and millions of unemployed. This mood is so morally harmful to social psychology, what is more damaging than the physical inertia that wastes a lot of training work, without anyone to use their arms and education to daily stress is a useful exercise, it remains demoralized. It 's easy begin to hate society and develop the instincts perverse, when you have a useful purpose in life ... The fact that today there is a mass of youth between the ages of twenty and thirty years (1923-1932) has almost never worked, is a serious psychological and social has no equal. "
Sturzo claims between, on the other as the phenomenon of unemployment ... remains in its grandeur as connected to the economic crisis, which is only a general recovery if I can hope for a relaxation sensitive and broad social-psychological effects "
On the other hand there is no doubt that it will lead to a political stir, where the most serious social problems: "... unemployment, widespread state and every hour highlights growing trends extremist politico-social" in times of deep crises inevitably lead ... order to mistrust the current reaction against a society that is incapable of solving the problems of everyday life, excitement towards futuristic, everything goes to extremes of denial or a revolutionary or reactionary ... magnify and similar items can become dangerous, just as certain bacteria, which live in us a latent state, but it happens influence (they have the time) to buy it extraordinary virulence.
It is with these considerations that the complaint Sturzo dangers of these extreme forces that go against the efficiency of medium-sized parties and currents in the social dynamics and argues that "... the primary factor of stability and progress is balanced by the resolution of the propulsion the details to an equation media "in this sense the middle class represents a fundamental value Sturzo both psychological and moral and economic-political on the other hand, the economy and work are the cornerstones for economic growth and supporting capital of a country that leads man to his rightful dignity.
He regarded the Italian People's Party is a party inter-class that had its roots mostly in the "... middle class and working class culture and " This class represents a focus of the program of the Italian People's Party of Sturzo through which he attempts to chart a new economic path.
About Sturzo the middle class, in his speech in Turin in the hall of the Chamber of Commerce December 20, 1922, makes it a focal point of the political program of the Italian People's Party claimed that: "... the middle class - under the 'nagging, harsh and hard, their economic crisis - buying, for their culture and their experience in production, for the modest standard of living and the spirit savings, a manufacturing potential greater than their economic potential. They give most of them men of culture, technology, administration, industry and agriculture Directive, the professions, government, at all centers most vital and delicate mechanism of our national and state. These middle classes are those that renew the ruling classes, which collect the current education and activities, which must count for the future of our country in these classes should be given a political force that has been lacking until now, because divided among the major industry on the one hand and organization on the other hand . Their contribution could give the country, according Sturzo, a significant contribution to the elevation of moral values.
On the other hand about the work Sturzo, in his keynote speech held in Milan on 1 October 1920 with the theme "Economic crisis and political crisis", another track of the fundamental tenets of his political agenda and his political activity and new economy, he proposes to bring "... the worker to the means of production and make him share of production value, not eliminate or mitigate the individual free and active." To arrive at this approach offers Sturzo ownership and popular participation "... however built to industrial, developing cooperative enterprises where the work is very el'alea is reduced and limited, are a requirement of the Italian People's Party, to arrive at two key terms: the transformation of the employee in contributing partners in the development of the , and then the joy and sorrows of production and processing of large companies, central capitalist monopoly, in large industries and therefore associate Social Pact. "
All this to overcome the classical liberal concept of the culture he had seen" The wage away from production, goods and an element of bargaining, leaving the game prosperous or adverse fortunes of big business ... ", dropping the company to a moral crisis as well as economic policy.
The objective was to combat the social logic of intensification of relations with the capital, renounce the class struggle and strive for the "transformation of the relations of labor and the elimination of the great wage, and that even as a contingency, including through the class struggle, to get approximations for practical cooperation in classes as his term finalist. "
Sturzo in its political program has done nothing, as he argued," ... that follow the path traced by Pope Leo XIII in Rerum Novarum ", a way in itself revolutionary, even today, is far from completion and that we should take as a starting point for political parties' programs today.
All this needs to reform the system of growth and development of the market where, certainly intensified economic relations, but this happened in a perspective of interdependence rather than integration, the social question must be characterized by solidarity and subsidiarity with a strong ethical foundation in all human actions, both in the economic and social. On this basis
Sturzo made his whole theory that has expressed itself in practical level, he gave her great importance to the economic grounds that this would be subject to the policy, noting how the economy without ethics is diseconomy and belief, this is of fundamental importance for the social life in all its components but given the rationality of action morality, a moral person acting in an ethical and rational in their actions, while a person is immoral, irrational.
In the long run an economic system that does not consider the moral integrity of its protagonists as one of the fundamental values \u200b\u200bof the system is designed to make water from all sides: it does not stand up to impact of irrationality; the economy becomes dis-economy and social disutility, and document economic Sturzo claims will no longer be profitable if "... in its implementation will be affected by actions of immoral nature, such as the exploitation of labor, poor execution, the abuse of material resources and borrowed money and so on. Step by step that the man does, whether it be the economy minister of state, both the entrepreneur and the worker, the owner, to violate morality also violates the laws of economics, but by individuals who submit acts characters useful in the design so much ... and purpose of any economic activity, which in its implementation and finally individual use of it, the morality are both subjective because the man is operating at the same time period of the useful and good, and objectively, as the economy as a useful standard, contains within itself the moral right of profit weighed in the same name of its production and its use. "
How can you disagree with these statements, after the lesion On moral abuse of certain actions, fails to show how the common good of society go "... the inherent damage to the economy itself .
What they need is to get the solution to the problem of work that makes the world safe and efficient production.
On the other hand all this "... binds the problem in the reform of public institutions and their representatives, that reforms can be effective if made by the nimble political decentralization, administrative and economic, which can enhance the strengths, resources, local and regional characteristics, so varied and different in Italy, they can not even cancel, and even fifty years through legislation and law centralized state. "
Sturzo This step takes the concept of autonomy As stated in the appeal to local and free and strong, in which he writes that "... For a centralized state, which tends to limit and regulate all power and all organic civic and individual activities, we want to replace a constitutional on the ground was very popular that recognizes the limits of his activity, respecting the nuclei and the natural organisms - the family, classes, municipalities - which respects the individual personality and encourages private initiative ... we want to reform the bureaucracy and the judicial and simplification of legislation, we call upon the legal recognition of classes, municipal autonomy, the reform of institutions and the provincial broader shift in regional units.
The great importance of the middle classes, collaboration between capital and labor, the basic concept of an economy without ethics is dis-economy, decentralization of administrative and municipalities, were the key points of the political program of the Italian People's Party "... a party in the synthetic program, but put into practice", all of which are still current today that the policy should take into account social and economic development for a high value
In essence, Sturzo, has tried to outline a new true way that solve the problem created by an oligopolistic market capitalism than half of media and aggressive advertising promotes the application, the driving force of capitalism, private and mixed economies of the market, which is operated by the oligopolistic capitalism, "no more respect for the hierarchy of personal needs, family, social, public and private. Yet one of the fundamental principles of economics is to respect the hierarchy of those needs, wanting to maximize the social utility of GDP and to minimize the personal and collective disutility: quality personal, family and national discontent and boredom, family breakdown, corruption, crime, pollution, waste of resources and rising costs for the attempts to contain those disutility. This is one of the weaknesses of capitalism oligopolistic private and state makes it the strength to endure beyond the limits of its total violation of the natural order "(From" A real currency for the world "by Giuseppe Palladino). Sturzo despaired of the fact, Joseph Palladino continued, "... that large private capitalists and their directors and managers seek to maximize profits and care not to disutility and was farsighted in predicting the false parallel between material wealth and moral impoverishment " .
Marcello Figuccio
CISS President Asti
the key points of the political program of the Italian People's Party of Louis Sturzo
In an article published in February 1933 on Res Public 'concerns and guidelines "Sturzo referred to three main factors of concern: unemployment workers, the prevalence of extreme tendencies, the weakness of governments.
These concerns stemmed from the data of the time he saw a worrying increase in unemployment was widespread and exacerbated by the global crisis of 1929 (according to data from the League of Nations unemployment in industrialized countries in 1932 exceeded 25 million units, a figure which must be added the millions of rural workers and peasants who, if not unemployed, they were only partially occupied almost everywhere); data that are not much different today in the face of an economic crisis that is very similar to that of '29, because, in a report by the International Labour Organization on "Global Employment Trends" presented in 2008 in Geneva, it is noted that: " By the end of the unemployed in the world could be nearly 200 million, 18 more than 180 million in 2007 (+10%). But because of the economic crisis, with no additional work in the world could even reach 51 million units more than three years ago. " Only for those of industrialized European Union unemployment has increased since 2007 from 5.7% to 6.4% with the number of unemployed grew 3.5 million units, reaching 32.3 million share of the unemployed. The highest rates of unemployment are still in North Africa (10.3%) and Middle East (9.4%), are always the lowest in the Far East (3.8%). "
The situation was further aggravated if we think we are faced with a rapid succession of currency crises, debt distress of countries in the developing world, the radicalization of global economic imbalances and unemployment growing in the world, the continued destruction of the middle class , the widening gap between rich and poor and a widening of a more economistic and materialistic conception of development, not to mention the widening array of job insecurity that leads to insecurity for the future of young people.
a situation that makes me seriously doubt repeat what he said in Sturzo concerns and guidelines "The no immediate prospect of work and almost no hope of a future recovery, oppresses the hearts of millions and millions of unemployed. This mood is so morally harmful to social psychology, what is more damaging than the physical inertia that wastes a lot of training work, without anyone to use their arms and education to daily stress is a useful exercise, it remains demoralized. It 's easy begin to hate society and develop the instincts perverse, when you have a useful purpose in life ... The fact that today there is a mass of youth between the ages of twenty and thirty years (1923-1932) has almost never worked, is a serious psychological and social has no equal. "
Sturzo claims between, on the other as the phenomenon of unemployment ... remains in its grandeur as connected to the economic crisis, which is only a general recovery if I can hope for a relaxation sensitive and broad social-psychological effects "
On the other hand there is no doubt that it will lead to a political stir, where the most serious social problems: "... unemployment, widespread state and every hour highlights growing trends extremist politico-social" in times of deep crises inevitably lead ... order to mistrust the current reaction against a society that is incapable of solving the problems of everyday life, excitement towards futuristic, everything goes to extremes of denial or a revolutionary or reactionary ... magnify and similar items can become dangerous, just as certain bacteria, which live in us a latent state, but it happens influence (they have the time) to buy it extraordinary virulence.
It is with these considerations that the complaint Sturzo dangers of these extreme forces that go against the efficiency of medium-sized parties and currents in the social dynamics and argues that "... the primary factor of stability and progress is balanced by the resolution of the propulsion the details to an equation media "in this sense the middle class represents a fundamental value Sturzo both psychological and moral and economic-political on the other hand, the economy and work are the cornerstones for economic growth and supporting capital of a country that leads man to his rightful dignity.
He regarded the Italian People's Party is a party inter-class that had its roots mostly in the "... middle class and working class culture and " This class represents a focus of the program of the Italian People's Party of Sturzo through which he attempts to chart a new economic path.
About Sturzo the middle class, in his speech in Turin in the hall of the Chamber of Commerce December 20, 1922, makes it a focal point of the political program of the Italian People's Party claimed that: "... the middle class - under the 'nagging, harsh and hard, their economic crisis - buying, for their culture and their experience in production, for the modest standard of living and the spirit savings, a manufacturing potential greater than their economic potential. They give most of them men of culture, technology, administration, industry and agriculture Directive, the professions, government, at all centers most vital and delicate mechanism of our national and state. These middle classes are those that renew the ruling classes, which collect the current education and activities, which must count for the future of our country in these classes should be given a political force that has been lacking until now, because divided among the major industry on the one hand and organization on the other hand . Their contribution could give the country, according Sturzo, a significant contribution to the elevation of moral values.
On the other hand about the work Sturzo, in his keynote speech held in Milan on 1 October 1920 with the theme "Economic crisis and political crisis", another track of the fundamental tenets of his political agenda and his political activity and new economy, he proposes to bring "... the worker to the means of production and make him share of production value, not eliminate or mitigate the individual free and active." To arrive at this approach offers Sturzo ownership and popular participation "... however built to industrial, developing cooperative enterprises where the work is very el'alea is reduced and limited, are a requirement of the Italian People's Party, to arrive at two key terms: the transformation of the employee in contributing partners in the development of the , and then the joy and sorrows of production and processing of large companies, central capitalist monopoly, in large industries and therefore associate Social Pact. "
All this to overcome the classical liberal concept of the culture he had seen" The wage away from production, goods and an element of bargaining, leaving the game prosperous or adverse fortunes of big business ... ", dropping the company to a moral crisis as well as economic policy.
The objective was to combat the social logic of intensification of relations with the capital, renounce the class struggle and strive for the "transformation of the relations of labor and the elimination of the great wage, and that even as a contingency, including through the class struggle, to get approximations for practical cooperation in classes as his term finalist. "
Sturzo in its political program has done nothing, as he argued," ... that follow the path traced by Pope Leo XIII in Rerum Novarum ", a way in itself revolutionary, even today, is far from completion and that we should take as a starting point for political parties' programs today.
All this needs to reform the system of growth and development of the market where, certainly intensified economic relations, but this happened in a perspective of interdependence rather than integration, the social question must be characterized by solidarity and subsidiarity with a strong ethical foundation in all human actions, both in the economic and social. On this basis
Sturzo made his whole theory that has expressed itself in practical level, he gave her great importance to the economic grounds that this would be subject to the policy, noting how the economy without ethics is diseconomy and belief, this is of fundamental importance for the social life in all its components but given the rationality of action morality, a moral person acting in an ethical and rational in their actions, while a person is immoral, irrational.
In the long run an economic system that does not consider the moral integrity of its protagonists as one of the fundamental values \u200b\u200bof the system is designed to make water from all sides: it does not stand up to impact of irrationality; the economy becomes dis-economy and social disutility, and document economic Sturzo claims will no longer be profitable if "... in its implementation will be affected by actions of immoral nature, such as the exploitation of labor, poor execution, the abuse of material resources and borrowed money and so on. Step by step that the man does, whether it be the economy minister of state, both the entrepreneur and the worker, the owner, to violate morality also violates the laws of economics, but by individuals who submit acts characters useful in the design so much ... and purpose of any economic activity, which in its implementation and finally individual use of it, the morality are both subjective because the man is operating at the same time period of the useful and good, and objectively, as the economy as a useful standard, contains within itself the moral right of profit weighed in the same name of its production and its use. "
How can you disagree with these statements, after the lesion On moral abuse of certain actions, fails to show how the common good of society go "... the inherent damage to the economy itself .
What they need is to get the solution to the problem of work that makes the world safe and efficient production.
On the other hand all this "... binds the problem in the reform of public institutions and their representatives, that reforms can be effective if made by the nimble political decentralization, administrative and economic, which can enhance the strengths, resources, local and regional characteristics, so varied and different in Italy, they can not even cancel, and even fifty years through legislation and law centralized state. "
Sturzo This step takes the concept of autonomy As stated in the appeal to local and free and strong, in which he writes that "... For a centralized state, which tends to limit and regulate all power and all organic civic and individual activities, we want to replace a constitutional on the ground was very popular that recognizes the limits of his activity, respecting the nuclei and the natural organisms - the family, classes, municipalities - which respects the individual personality and encourages private initiative ... we want to reform the bureaucracy and the judicial and simplification of legislation, we call upon the legal recognition of classes, municipal autonomy, the reform of institutions and the provincial broader shift in regional units.
The great importance of the middle classes, collaboration between capital and labor, the basic concept of an economy without ethics is dis-economy, decentralization of administrative and municipalities, were the key points of the political program of the Italian People's Party "... a party in the synthetic program, but put into practice", all of which are still current today that the policy should take into account social and economic development for a high value
In essence, Sturzo, has tried to outline a new true way that solve the problem created by an oligopolistic market capitalism than half of media and aggressive advertising promotes the application, the driving force of capitalism, private and mixed economies of the market, which is operated by the oligopolistic capitalism, "no more respect for the hierarchy of personal needs, family, social, public and private. Yet one of the fundamental principles of economics is to respect the hierarchy of those needs, wanting to maximize the social utility of GDP and to minimize the personal and collective disutility: quality personal, family and national discontent and boredom, family breakdown, corruption, crime, pollution, waste of resources and rising costs for the attempts to contain those disutility. This is one of the weaknesses of capitalism oligopolistic private and state makes it the strength to endure beyond the limits of its total violation of the natural order "(From" A real currency for the world "by Giuseppe Palladino). Sturzo despaired of the fact, Joseph Palladino continued, "... that large private capitalists and their directors and managers seek to maximize profits and care not to disutility and was farsighted in predicting the false parallel between material wealth and moral impoverishment " .
Marcello Figuccio
CISS President Asti
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