certain legislative instruments
IN ITALY TO PROMOTE SOLIDARITY 'and subsidiarity'
Our society today is increasingly focused on globalization, but this is opposed to the so-called glocalization 1 in the sense of a strong, always more popular, to the local emerging in many local, both worldwide and in Italy, groups of people who share a limited territory with the knowledge of common life, this reality is based on several components: spatial, social, political, economic and cultural.
sharing groups in a limited area enhances the quality of relationships humans that run on three pillars: the exchange, solidarity and cooperation, they are most effective at local level and, therefore, in our joint and its surrounding villages, all because they are more stringent neighborly relations.
These groups are able to prevent and remedy the states of distress and abandonment of social substitutions in a certain way of state intervention, in that respect voluntary associations, social cooperatives, non-profit organizations and, in a sense, Districts also have the characteristic of producing, if you will, social goods, these social actors have the characteristic of a close proximity to the person, the social group and family, typical expressions and relevant local environment. This is subsidiarity.
In a society like ours, the globalized market has seen more and more pockets of social exclusion with great difficulties of integration of the weakest sectors of local communities think of the adolescents at risk than those without fathers or teachers who have difficulty in constructing their own identity and to single mothers who sometimes have difficulty in balancing their work and life times making it difficult to follow fully the relationship with their children, the discomfort due to the abandonment of child education, the crisis due to family separation and divorce, to major problems of communication of modern society and rebellion exclusion and deprivation of valid and meaningful relationships with society, older people whose life expectancy has lengthened, a source of satisfaction that must be seen not as a problem but as a resource for society, not to mention immigrants, prostitution and mental suffering, in short, the field is vast and varied.
These pockets of social exclusion experienced any of the basic human needs: the need to report that appears in all its virulence in the process of exclusion and neglect implemented by the civil community in a globalized world, success in this process can take place with the participation institutions and community life in the room.
If there is an answer to this need to report through the participation of citizens, often the risk that you incur is that of exclusion and therefore a complete lack of integration into community life, need to report and participation must then interact together to improve the relationship between the individual and society with the objective of a high level of quality of life.
In Italy there have been many significant legislative interventions that have sought to respond to the problems of marginalization and social degradation by promoting the process of glocalization pushing, and then, toward the local 2. All this has had undoubted benefits in solidarity and subsidiarity, strengthening decentralization and local autonomy.
In this respect it is appropriate to highlight the law of 8 November 2000, No. 328, "Framework Law for the implementation of the integrated system of assistance and social services), it requires the preparation of plans and projects in the social care-taking into account the specific needs and resources of the local community in this regard, paragraph 3 of art. 328/2000 8 of the mandate is given to the regions to determine, through to consultation with local stakeholders, "the territories, the methods and tools for the management of the local system of social services network "in determining the territorial regions include the encouragement of the co-ordination of social services in geographical areas of decentralization and respect for local autonomy.
It 's interesting to note that Article. 3 of the Act makes it clear the concept of subsidiarity, it is mentioned that: "The planning and organization of the integrated system of assistance and social services rests with local authorities, regions, and the state ... with the principles of subsidiarity, cooperation , effectiveness, efficiency and economy ... "
The overall 328/2000 represents a close collaboration between health and social, between public and private social in essence the goal is the integration of different social actors that put together at the public their skills in the unity of social programming, planning a network that speaks to a specific target targhet (Italian citizens and the European Union, foreigners identified under Article 41 of Decree No. 286/1998, those in poverty or with limited income citizens with total or partial inability to physical or mental disability, those in lawful authority Action is required judicial assistance);
The law promotes also the development of social policies by providing for the promotion of experimentation of innovative services can coordinate the human and financial resources at local level and also to connect to the experiences made at European level testing, therefore, a social system that knows how to highlight the needs and resources of the territory, having an eye to the experience at European level and complexity of the phenomenon.
But the most important that you find the intricacies of this law is the enhancement of the third sector which is assigned an important role considering as a group of non-profit organizations can be autonomous and active, able to manage and provide services, because art. 5, taking the third sector, such as "... non-profit social organizations, associations and institutions of social promotion, foundations and institutions of patronage, patronage of organizations, institutions of recognized religious confessions," the same stresses as in the management and supply of services "... as actors in the design and implementation of concerted" of course this integrated system of assistance and social services should have as its primary objective "... the promotion of solidarity, with the enhancement of the initiatives of individuals, households, forms of self-help and organized reciprocity and solidarity. "
This framework highlights how the third sector organizations are increasingly recognized as promoters of activities in the public interest and as a means of participation and report, on the other hand, it emphasizes the importance of consultation for the planning services and encourage the development from the bottom of the citizens, associations, volunteers and businesses relying on two aspects: on one hand the autonomy of the subjects ability to "do quality "and the other on a shared vision of the defining elements of social services.
In this context come into play area plans, an essential tool indicated by 328/2000 by which the municipalities, with the participation of all stakeholders in the design must draw the integrated system of interventions and social services: The
law specifies the strategic aims of the plan area (Art. 19, paragraph 2) as: "to promote the formation of local systems of action based on services and additional services and flexible," "empower citizens in the planning and monitoring services "qualifying expenditure and to define the criteria allocation on the basis of objectives; provide training for operators. These aims
draw a close correlation and coordination between health, social welfare and local authorities throughout the diverse world of non-profit organizations and volunteers responding to the strong principle of subsidiarity and ensuring respect of culture, identity and freedom of choice of individuals and local communities.
Another law that has been a spurt to take significant action in the social sphere is that of 8 March 2000, no 53 'Provisions for the support of motherhood and fatherhood, the right to care and training and the coordination of the timing of the city. "
It drew a furrow important to start local policies aimed at conciliation between private time and work schedules, the achievement of equality between men and women, support for parents of persons with disabilities, to promote training leave and to "... coordination of the timing of operation of the city and promoting the use of time for purposes of social solidarity."
The reference to the social solidarity 53/00 expands the boundaries of the concept of time use that is not just about the time "of businesses, public services and offices branch of government ... "but is aimed at other groups framed in the context of social policies such as those of the non-profit social organizations, cooperation agencies, associations and institutions of social promotion, foundations and institutions of patronage , voluntary organizations and institutions recognized religious denominations, all of these institutions use their time to goals of social solidarity and, hence, facilitate and raise the inconvenient time of social unrest.
This law stresses the concept of space - time that is related to the reconciliation of working life and times of all relationships, those between parents and children, men and women, employees, entrepreneurs, young-elderly, and the pace of use of sites highlighting the aspect of social time, and this has different features: in substance the use of citizen time and promotes the best articulation for work-time, to human relationships, the care of people, to the cultural and leisure activities for greater self-government of the time of personal and social life.
In this context, is of great importance to art. 27 which highlights the Time Bank 3 as a tool to promote solidarity and reciprocity, the members of this particular bank spend their time to offer an activity by giving and receiving goods, services and knowledge, without the intermediation of money they send a check for recording a credit to spend time asking other benefits to members, it plays, then, the function of mediation between the claims and debts of the time coordinating and linking the various partners on the basis of their capacity and resources.
The Bank of Time is a very interesting experience to support a plan for coordination of the lifetimes of local citizens in promoting neighborly relations; its members through an exchange of resources, build a strong social safety net, creating among them, a strong bond, sharing their free time with activities that meet the myriad of daily needs that can not be addressed by public services if at the cost of a complex organization.
There are many resources and skills useful to the community and each component can be exchanged using their time, units of the exchange: an example may be the computer expert who helps the student who wants to be expert on the varied field of the Internet; of the two subjects is the first creditor a certain amount of time that could be used, for example, by means of another member for the painting of her kitchen or study.
All this applies to any other business: from providing a transport car to another person who is neither free, to watering the plants of the friends on holiday, to prepare a dinner, to the arrangement of a roll, teaching the Italian language or English to the immigrant neighborhoods of our student in trouble, and so on.
In essence, the Bank from time to time value of each person who trades in his spare time, resources and skills useful to the improvement and quality of relationships between individuals.
is no doubt that a plan for coordination of time / times and spaces of a city or a Union of Municipalities, together with the Time Bank, as suggested by 53/00 and other laws, provides an integrated of all public services that should satisfy the subjective aspects of living and, therefore, "... for individuals is becoming more inevitable succeed in establishing a satisfactory relationship with basic dimensions of experience, time and space." 4
E 'should be stressed that any design and modification of the lifetime of citizens triggers undoubted impact on other times that each social actor, the individual within a family or organization work, or economic entity, or otherwise, is connected to a number of references: "... with which it interacts (also located within organizations of their time), any process, even minimal, introduced in each of these systems has effects chain and generates, typically, discomfort and heavy adjustment processes. "
other hand, the citizen time and space they occupy are an inseparable, one can not speak of time without reference to space (public open spaces such as plazas, theme trails, urban gardens, or enclosed spaces such as stations stations, airports, shopping malls, theaters and auditoriums).
The goal is an idea of \u200b\u200bthe city as polis, a community of men who transform the time freed from work into leisure time, equipping as a place alive and vital, capable of building and operating public assolvino public spaces, together with an effective coordination of the timing of life, and recreational functions of the meeting, sociability and entertainment, both to support activities of daily living such as mobility, primarily, the provision of services to citizens and enterprise, etc.
IN ITALY TO PROMOTE SOLIDARITY 'and subsidiarity'
Our society today is increasingly focused on globalization, but this is opposed to the so-called glocalization 1 in the sense of a strong, always more popular, to the local emerging in many local, both worldwide and in Italy, groups of people who share a limited territory with the knowledge of common life, this reality is based on several components: spatial, social, political, economic and cultural.
sharing groups in a limited area enhances the quality of relationships humans that run on three pillars: the exchange, solidarity and cooperation, they are most effective at local level and, therefore, in our joint and its surrounding villages, all because they are more stringent neighborly relations.
These groups are able to prevent and remedy the states of distress and abandonment of social substitutions in a certain way of state intervention, in that respect voluntary associations, social cooperatives, non-profit organizations and, in a sense, Districts also have the characteristic of producing, if you will, social goods, these social actors have the characteristic of a close proximity to the person, the social group and family, typical expressions and relevant local environment. This is subsidiarity.
In a society like ours, the globalized market has seen more and more pockets of social exclusion with great difficulties of integration of the weakest sectors of local communities think of the adolescents at risk than those without fathers or teachers who have difficulty in constructing their own identity and to single mothers who sometimes have difficulty in balancing their work and life times making it difficult to follow fully the relationship with their children, the discomfort due to the abandonment of child education, the crisis due to family separation and divorce, to major problems of communication of modern society and rebellion exclusion and deprivation of valid and meaningful relationships with society, older people whose life expectancy has lengthened, a source of satisfaction that must be seen not as a problem but as a resource for society, not to mention immigrants, prostitution and mental suffering, in short, the field is vast and varied.
These pockets of social exclusion experienced any of the basic human needs: the need to report that appears in all its virulence in the process of exclusion and neglect implemented by the civil community in a globalized world, success in this process can take place with the participation institutions and community life in the room.
If there is an answer to this need to report through the participation of citizens, often the risk that you incur is that of exclusion and therefore a complete lack of integration into community life, need to report and participation must then interact together to improve the relationship between the individual and society with the objective of a high level of quality of life.
In Italy there have been many significant legislative interventions that have sought to respond to the problems of marginalization and social degradation by promoting the process of glocalization pushing, and then, toward the local 2. All this has had undoubted benefits in solidarity and subsidiarity, strengthening decentralization and local autonomy.
In this respect it is appropriate to highlight the law of 8 November 2000, No. 328, "Framework Law for the implementation of the integrated system of assistance and social services), it requires the preparation of plans and projects in the social care-taking into account the specific needs and resources of the local community in this regard, paragraph 3 of art. 328/2000 8 of the mandate is given to the regions to determine, through to consultation with local stakeholders, "the territories, the methods and tools for the management of the local system of social services network "in determining the territorial regions include the encouragement of the co-ordination of social services in geographical areas of decentralization and respect for local autonomy.
It 's interesting to note that Article. 3 of the Act makes it clear the concept of subsidiarity, it is mentioned that: "The planning and organization of the integrated system of assistance and social services rests with local authorities, regions, and the state ... with the principles of subsidiarity, cooperation , effectiveness, efficiency and economy ... "
The overall 328/2000 represents a close collaboration between health and social, between public and private social in essence the goal is the integration of different social actors that put together at the public their skills in the unity of social programming, planning a network that speaks to a specific target targhet (Italian citizens and the European Union, foreigners identified under Article 41 of Decree No. 286/1998, those in poverty or with limited income citizens with total or partial inability to physical or mental disability, those in lawful authority Action is required judicial assistance);
The law promotes also the development of social policies by providing for the promotion of experimentation of innovative services can coordinate the human and financial resources at local level and also to connect to the experiences made at European level testing, therefore, a social system that knows how to highlight the needs and resources of the territory, having an eye to the experience at European level and complexity of the phenomenon.
But the most important that you find the intricacies of this law is the enhancement of the third sector which is assigned an important role considering as a group of non-profit organizations can be autonomous and active, able to manage and provide services, because art. 5, taking the third sector, such as "... non-profit social organizations, associations and institutions of social promotion, foundations and institutions of patronage, patronage of organizations, institutions of recognized religious confessions," the same stresses as in the management and supply of services "... as actors in the design and implementation of concerted" of course this integrated system of assistance and social services should have as its primary objective "... the promotion of solidarity, with the enhancement of the initiatives of individuals, households, forms of self-help and organized reciprocity and solidarity. "
This framework highlights how the third sector organizations are increasingly recognized as promoters of activities in the public interest and as a means of participation and report, on the other hand, it emphasizes the importance of consultation for the planning services and encourage the development from the bottom of the citizens, associations, volunteers and businesses relying on two aspects: on one hand the autonomy of the subjects ability to "do quality "and the other on a shared vision of the defining elements of social services.
In this context come into play area plans, an essential tool indicated by 328/2000 by which the municipalities, with the participation of all stakeholders in the design must draw the integrated system of interventions and social services: The
law specifies the strategic aims of the plan area (Art. 19, paragraph 2) as: "to promote the formation of local systems of action based on services and additional services and flexible," "empower citizens in the planning and monitoring services "qualifying expenditure and to define the criteria allocation on the basis of objectives; provide training for operators. These aims
draw a close correlation and coordination between health, social welfare and local authorities throughout the diverse world of non-profit organizations and volunteers responding to the strong principle of subsidiarity and ensuring respect of culture, identity and freedom of choice of individuals and local communities.
Another law that has been a spurt to take significant action in the social sphere is that of 8 March 2000, no 53 'Provisions for the support of motherhood and fatherhood, the right to care and training and the coordination of the timing of the city. "
It drew a furrow important to start local policies aimed at conciliation between private time and work schedules, the achievement of equality between men and women, support for parents of persons with disabilities, to promote training leave and to "... coordination of the timing of operation of the city and promoting the use of time for purposes of social solidarity."
The reference to the social solidarity 53/00 expands the boundaries of the concept of time use that is not just about the time "of businesses, public services and offices branch of government ... "but is aimed at other groups framed in the context of social policies such as those of the non-profit social organizations, cooperation agencies, associations and institutions of social promotion, foundations and institutions of patronage , voluntary organizations and institutions recognized religious denominations, all of these institutions use their time to goals of social solidarity and, hence, facilitate and raise the inconvenient time of social unrest.
This law stresses the concept of space - time that is related to the reconciliation of working life and times of all relationships, those between parents and children, men and women, employees, entrepreneurs, young-elderly, and the pace of use of sites highlighting the aspect of social time, and this has different features: in substance the use of citizen time and promotes the best articulation for work-time, to human relationships, the care of people, to the cultural and leisure activities for greater self-government of the time of personal and social life.
In this context, is of great importance to art. 27 which highlights the Time Bank 3 as a tool to promote solidarity and reciprocity, the members of this particular bank spend their time to offer an activity by giving and receiving goods, services and knowledge, without the intermediation of money they send a check for recording a credit to spend time asking other benefits to members, it plays, then, the function of mediation between the claims and debts of the time coordinating and linking the various partners on the basis of their capacity and resources.
The Bank of Time is a very interesting experience to support a plan for coordination of the lifetimes of local citizens in promoting neighborly relations; its members through an exchange of resources, build a strong social safety net, creating among them, a strong bond, sharing their free time with activities that meet the myriad of daily needs that can not be addressed by public services if at the cost of a complex organization.
There are many resources and skills useful to the community and each component can be exchanged using their time, units of the exchange: an example may be the computer expert who helps the student who wants to be expert on the varied field of the Internet; of the two subjects is the first creditor a certain amount of time that could be used, for example, by means of another member for the painting of her kitchen or study.
All this applies to any other business: from providing a transport car to another person who is neither free, to watering the plants of the friends on holiday, to prepare a dinner, to the arrangement of a roll, teaching the Italian language or English to the immigrant neighborhoods of our student in trouble, and so on.
In essence, the Bank from time to time value of each person who trades in his spare time, resources and skills useful to the improvement and quality of relationships between individuals.
is no doubt that a plan for coordination of time / times and spaces of a city or a Union of Municipalities, together with the Time Bank, as suggested by 53/00 and other laws, provides an integrated of all public services that should satisfy the subjective aspects of living and, therefore, "... for individuals is becoming more inevitable succeed in establishing a satisfactory relationship with basic dimensions of experience, time and space." 4
E 'should be stressed that any design and modification of the lifetime of citizens triggers undoubted impact on other times that each social actor, the individual within a family or organization work, or economic entity, or otherwise, is connected to a number of references: "... with which it interacts (also located within organizations of their time), any process, even minimal, introduced in each of these systems has effects chain and generates, typically, discomfort and heavy adjustment processes. "
other hand, the citizen time and space they occupy are an inseparable, one can not speak of time without reference to space (public open spaces such as plazas, theme trails, urban gardens, or enclosed spaces such as stations stations, airports, shopping malls, theaters and auditoriums).
The goal is an idea of \u200b\u200bthe city as polis, a community of men who transform the time freed from work into leisure time, equipping as a place alive and vital, capable of building and operating public assolvino public spaces, together with an effective coordination of the timing of life, and recreational functions of the meeting, sociability and entertainment, both to support activities of daily living such as mobility, primarily, the provision of services to citizens and enterprise, etc.
From a Thesis "The certification Ethics in social cooperatives" Claudia Solaro at the Faculty of Economics and Commerce turin - Supervisor: Prof. Guido Lazzerini - Co-Chair: Prof. S. Mallorca, dr. Marcello Figuccio and Dr M. Santagati - July 11, 2003 - Academic Year 2002-2003.
2 From Quaderni Administrative »1st Trim 2007" Plan for the coordination of time schedules and spaces of a Union of Municipalities and cities: an effective instrument of social solidarity and Trim II "The role of volunteering and the third sector in an efficient plan for coordination of the timing of life of citizens "by Marcello Figuccio - Essays written on the basis of subsequent analysis and pilot projects on time of life for citizens with pilot projects on the attached plan to coordinate times / Times / Spaces and Time Bank 'of the town of Asti and four unions of municipalities, "High Asti", "Alfieri Hills," "Castles in the Orba and Bormida 'and' Tortona hills. "
3 from "Papers of the administration" of the first trim. 2008 "Time Banks and their role in strengthening the local" Figuccio Marcello
4 From "Sociology and design of the territory" of Alfre Apple, Maria Carmen Belloni and Luke Davico - Edizioni Carocci
Marcello Figuccio
CISS President Asti
